Conclusion

Due the addition of harmful or undesirable substances Pollution affects the living organisms and other natural resources on earth. The substance which causes the pollution is called pollutant. The three major types of pollution are the pollution that affects the three major natural resources namely: air, water and soil.

Air Pollution

Air pollution is the alteration or change in the composition of air due to the release of substances like automobile and industrial gases and particulate matter. Different sources of air pollution are gas from the automobiles, burning of fossil fuels, pollutants from the industries like the thermal plants, fertilizer plants, steel plants, textile industries, etc., volcanic eruptions, gases released due to the anaerobic decomposition of organic wastes, etc. The six main air pollutants are oxides of carbon, oxides of nitrogen, sulphur dioxide, hydrocarbons, aerosols, and organic and inorganic particulate matters. Conclusion about pollution caused to air is it affects all the living organisms on earth as air is the important element which is required for survival.

Water Pollution

Water pollution is the change or alteration caused to the natural water resources due to the release of pollutants in it. Major water bodies like sea, rivers, lakes, ponds, and ocean and also the underground is affected due to water pollution. The major causes for the water pollution is release of industrial wastes and sewage into the water bodies, excess fertilizers and other chemicals washed away from the land and mixing with water, releases of oil and other non soluble substances in water, fecal release in water, etc. Conclusion about pollution of water is it affects the life of aquatic plants and animals, eutrophication, land plants as water is required for their survival, biomagnifications, and causes several diseases in animals and human beings.

Noise pollution

     Noise is defined as “sound without value” or any noise is undesired by the recipient. Another interesting definition of noise is ‘wrong sound’ in the wrong place, at the wrong time.

Causes of noise pollution

                                         I.            Traffic noise

                                     II.            Air craft noise

                                 III.            Noise from construction

                                 IV.            Noise from civil engineering works

                                     V.            Noise from industry

Effects of noise pollution

        Noise is ’unwanted sound’. It has been found to interfere with our activates at three levels;

(a) Audio logical level in referring with the satisfactory performance of the hearing mechanism;

(b) Biological level interfering with the biological functioning of the body; and

(c) Behavioral level affecting the sociological behavior of the subjects. Because of this, the noise affects, stating categorically, performance, physiology and psychology.

Noise control method

1.Control of indoor Noise-where outdoor noise levels have been height the following methods can be applied for reducing their effects.

2.Located the buildings as far as possible from noise source.

3.Trees and shrubs may be planted in front of building to provide some absorption of sound.

4. Bathroom walls, floor and ceiling should be sound insulated using construction of high sound insulation glasses.

5.Quiet siphon jet type flush toilet should be installed to reduce noise from the toilets.

Air pollution

     Truly speaking, pure air never be there. Air will have mixing of foreign substance like industrial gases, dust, etc., at all times and at all places. It is the presence of foreign matters in the outdoor atmosphere in an excessive concentration which harmful to man or his environment, air pollution his injurious to the health of the community.

Sources of air pollution

1.  Natural sources

2. Manmade sources.

Classification of air pollution

1.  Based on origin

2. Based on bio-medical effect

Effect of air pollution

1.     Effect on human beings

2. Effect on animals

3. Effect on plants

4. Effect on materials.

Control of air pollution

Prevention of determental effects on public control

Protection of plant and animal life

        Protection of soiling and damage to property.

Land pollution

        The land pollution is caused by solid wastes and chemicals. One of the major pollution problem of large cities are disposal of solid waste materials, crop residual, chemical, garbage, paper, plastic, rubber, cloth, leather, brick, metal, dead animals like cattles, dogs and birds. Hence it has become necessary that the industrialization and modernization should be done with careful planning.

Sources soil pollution

1. Chemical pollutants

2.    Metallic pollutants

3.    Industrial effluents

4. Agricultural wastes

5.   Domestic effluent

6.   Biological agents.

Prevention of land pollution

1.  Solid wastes should be treated by pyrolysis method.

2.  Incineration or burning

3.   Preserve and protect top fertile soil, control erosion by proper tree plantation measures.

4.  Fertilizers may be applied only after estimating soil and crop measures.

Water pollution

Water is said to be polluted when it contains infective and parasitic agents, poisonous chemical substances, industrial or other wastes or sewage. Practically, all the water that appears in public or private supplies have been exposed to pollution. Water, while percolating through the soil gets polluted. Water pollution may be natural or artificial. Natural pollution is due to the impurities derived from the atmosphere, catchment area and the soil.

Sources of water pollution

        The following are two water pollution

1. Natural pollution

2.   Artificial or man-made pollution.

Effect of water pollution

1. The self-purification property of rivers is lost due to excessive organic load.

2. The fish and other aquatic life are destroyed due to deoxy generation.

3. Insanitation is caused by suspended solids.

4. It is very costly and difficult to treat polluted water.

5.   Evil-smelling and unsightly sludge due to decomposed floating matter.

Preventive measures of water pollution

1. The people should be educated to avoid water pollution.

2. The industrial wastes should be treated well before dis charging them into natural water bodies.

3.  By legislative control, rules and regulations should be enforced for the prevention of water pollution.

4.  Scientific techniques should be adopted for the environmental control of catchment areas of streams and rivers.

5. The water resources should be used in the best possible economic way.

Pollution

Pollution is the beginning of a waste into the atmosphere making it impossible to make life on earth possible to sustain.


Pollution harms the Earth’s environment and its people in many ways. Land pollution is pollution of the Earth’s natural land surface by industrial, commercial, domestic and agricultural activities. Some of the main contributions to land pollution are deforestation, construction debris, industrial factories etc. Air pollution is the accumulation of harmful substances into the atmosphere that danger human life and other living matter on the earth. The number one way to prevent air pollution is to walk or bike more and drive less. This will prevent fossil fuels from further polluting the air.

       Water pollution is the introduction of chemical, biological and physical matter into large bodies of water that corrupt the quality of life that lives in it and consumes it. Oil spills, household chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers are the major sources of water pollution. The best way to prevent water pollution is to not throw trash and other harmful chemicals into our water supplies because it causes harm to the rivers and lakes.

Types of pollution

1. Water pollution

2. Land pollution

3.  Air pollution

4.  Noise pollution.

Introduction

     Pollution is injurious to health therefore; pollution in any from is to be completely controlled. The aim of pollution control should be to reduce the harmness of a potential pollutant. This is multi-step process. Pollution really originates from the human activities. If a pollutant is found to be potentially hazardous, its control should genuinely be attempted.

CONTENTS

   1.Introduction

   2.Pollution

   3.Water pollution

   4.Land pollution

   5.Air pollution

   6.Noise pollution
   7.Conclusion