Water is said to be polluted when it contains infective and parasitic agents, poisonous chemical substances, industrial or other wastes or sewage. Practically, all the water that appears in public or private supplies have been exposed to pollution. Water, while percolating through the soil gets polluted. Water pollution may be natural or artificial. Natural pollution is due to the impurities derived from the atmosphere, catchment area and the soil.
Sources of water pollution
The following are two water pollution
1. Natural pollution
2. Artificial or man-made pollution.
Effect of water pollution
1. The self-purification property of rivers is lost due to excessive organic load.
2. The fish and other aquatic life are destroyed due to deoxy generation.
3. Insanitation is caused by suspended solids.
4. It is very costly and difficult to treat polluted water.
5. Evil-smelling and unsightly sludge due to decomposed floating matter.
Preventive measures of water pollution
1. The people should be educated to avoid water pollution.
2. The industrial wastes should be treated well before dis charging them into natural water bodies.
3. By legislative control, rules and regulations should be enforced for the prevention of water pollution.
4. Scientific techniques should be adopted for the environmental control of catchment areas of streams and rivers.
5. The water resources should be used in the best possible economic way.
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